What is the purpose of the esophagus?

The esophagus serves as the passageway from the throat to the stomach. Its primary function is to transport food and liquids that have been swallowed down to the stomach for digestion. The muscular contractions of the esophagus, known as peristalsis, help move the food through this tube-like structure efficiently.

Understanding this function is critical, particularly in the context of the digestive system. The esophagus does not play a role in respiration, which is the function of the trachea, nor does it participate in gas exchange, which occurs in the lungs. While it is important for the esophagus to work in coordination with the trachea to ensure proper swallowing—avoiding food entering the airway—its main and direct purpose is the movement of food. Thus, identifying the esophagus's primary function as a passageway to the stomach correctly highlights its essential role in digestion.