How does a lack of surfactant in preterm babies affect the risks during resuscitation?

A lack of surfactant in preterm babies significantly impacts their risk of lung injury, making this the correct answer. Surfactant is a substance produced in the lungs that reduces surface tension within the alveoli (the tiny air sacs in the lungs). This reduction in surface tension is crucial for maintaining lung stability and proper function, especially during breathing.

In preterm infants, surfactant deficiency can lead to respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), where the lungs collapse upon exhalation, making it extremely challenging for the baby to breathe effectively. During resuscitation, the absence of adequate surfactant increases the likelihood of lung injury due to the alveoli being unable to expand properly or stay open. As a result, mechanical ventilation or other forms of assistance can cause additional stress, further damaging the fragile lung tissue.

In summary, the lack of surfactant directly correlates with an increased risk of lung injury, particularly during critical situations like resuscitation where proper lung function is essential for survival and recovery.